More Creative Ideas While Working on a Macbeth Research Paper

Diversify Your Macbeth Research Paper Working Routine Successful accomplishment of Macbeth research paper requires good writing skills together with the deep study of the problem issue. There are some important things that you should include in your work. In fact, this research paper can be just an article that presents a narrative outline for a topic or a complete research work that most students need to write. Anyway, your approach to the researching process is that main thing you need to be concerned of. While completing this kind of a research paper, it is important to choose the main objective or subject of researching. You have to define which part of the novel you have interest in, the plot, background or its contribution into history of literature. Identical to the process of developing a research question, you have to divide your work into some sub-topics so you may select which is more perspective. Besides, you should pay attention to some important points listed below. 1) A Macbeth research paper requires the correct usage of the proper requirements for research paper. Even in case you will look at the research proposal samples, you will see that it should include Foreword, Literature Review, Methodology, Analysis and Data and the Finale Conclusions. 2) Any research paper task requires the correct usage of a quotation system. You may use either MLA or APA formats. The former is used in the humanities works while the latter is applied in the science topics. For that reason, it is more correct for you to make use of the MLA format in your research paper. 3) Working on your work, try to study the character of Macbeth thoroughly. You may write a list of positive and negative features. It will surely help you to compare them with each other. Your essay must include your own viewpoints as well as some researched material. 4) Besides, you may search for inspiration in some other characters. For instance, if you consider the Lady Macbeth’s character, you can better understand Macbeth’s character from her position. Collecting some relevant supporting information will be definitely helpful for you. 5) Don’t forget to take notes during the classes. Remember, Shakespearian prose sometimes needs to be simplified. And your classes will give you the material that can help you to understand it better. Don’t fail to use these notes in your Macbeth research paper. 6) Don’t hesitate to visit the websites that are focused on Shakespeare. You may find a lot of various sites dedicated to Shakespearian literature. So, it is quite easy to find the inspiration and some other points of view on the topic you need. Now you know that successful completing of Macbeth research paper requires a lot of time and efforts. In case you have any troubles with it, visit custom research writing assistant Bestessay4u.com and get the essay help you need. Besides, you may order any kind of essay, and it will be completed by skilled professional writers.

9 Mistakes to Avoid When Writing a Complaint Letter

9 Mistakes to Avoid When Writing a Complaint Letter Being on the receiving end of malpractice, unfair treatment, inadequate services, or just plain incompetency in todays consumer marketplace is enough to make even the calmest personality react in anger. We pay for a service- either through our hard-earned money or taxes- and we expect to get that service, as it is advertised. When the reality of the ordeal falls far short of expectations, the first course of action most will take is to file a formal complaint- commonly in the form of a complaint letter.What a complaint letter isIn the simplest of terms, a complaint letter is a method to file a formal complaint against a service provider, whether a company or an individual, in hopes of resolving a problem. It can be used as a first step in a legal process involving potential lawsuits or as a simple way to inform a manager if an employee acted in a derogatory, offensive, or incompetent manner. It is a clear statement of the events that occurred, when and where they occurred, and attach ed to it should be accompanying evidence- much like a police report would have.What a complaint letter isntA complaint letter is not an opportunity for you to swear, threaten, or make blanket accusations. It is not an opportunity for you to berate anyone; make racist, misogynistic, or vulgar remarks; or suggest who should be hired and who should be fired. It isnt even an opportunity for you to vent your frustrations or air out your feelings over the situation, although it might be a good avenue for both.9 mistakes to avoidSince the point of writing a complaint letter is to have your concerns addressed fairly and quickly, here are 9 mistakes to avoid if you want your complaint letter to work.Dont be vague or leave out details. The best (and most effective) complaint letters are those written in a clear, concise manner, without rants, getting off topic, or vague hints. If you believe an employee acted in an unscrupulous or disrespectful manner, say so, then explain why you believe thi s. Basically, cut to the chase. State the exact date when the incident occurred, where it occurred, and the time it occurred- or at least, as close to the exact time as you can remember.Dont make unreasonable demands. Stating that you want an employee fired immediately is an example of an unreasonable demand. There are legal processes an employer must go through in order to fire an individual, or that employer might risk getting involved in a lawsuit. So, any demands you make contrary to those processes will not be met. You will also come off as presumptuous more than professional when you make unreasonable demands. Keep in mind that it is not your place to have this employee fired or otherwise disciplined- rather, it is your place to inform the employers or business owners of the employees actions and let them decide what the best course of action is. If you are unhappy with that course of action, or feel that it is not the best one the business owner or manager could take, it is y our choice to no longer frequent that place of business.Dont assume the reader is responsible. Depending on the channels through which complaints are handled in a particular organization, it is highly likely that the person who will be reading your letter is different from the person responsible for the problem or the incident. This will obviously vary according to each companys policy. If you make this assumption each time, it will help you to use the right language and tone and act as a sort of buffer against over-reacting to the incident. This is especially true if you are complaining about the actions of an employee- actions that are likely unknown to the managers or the business owners. In such cases, it is best to not jump to any conclusions about the business until the business owners or managers are made aware of the issue. If it is only a rogue employee acting out or not following company protocol, blaming the entire business enterprise for those actions will make you seem less professional in your observations.Dont write words that are angry, sarcastic, or threatening. Beyond the fact that these approaches are unprofessional, they can also prevent your complaint from reaching the right person. Many companies have policies in place allowing expletive-loaded complaints to be ignored as a way to protect their employees from abusive treatment from customers. Such approaches can also be potentially illegal, and any complaint taken as a personal threat to someones life or property can be turned in to the police for possible prosecution. You dont want a complaint letter to land you in legal trouble, so its best to avoid any semblance of threats against someone. If you must make threats, then threaten to take your business elsewhere, or threaten to let your social media followers know about the incident. All of this can be leverage you use within your letter to get your complaint processed.Dont leave out proof. If the reason for your complaint has to do with words used by an employee, youll need to show proof of that communication and of the words being used. If it occurred on social media, take a screen shot of the employees response and include that with your complaint letter. If the communication occurred by e-mail, have a copy of the e-mail attached. If the incident occurred in person, get a witness statement from someone who observed the interaction. If by phone, its unlikely that youll have recorded the conversation, although most companies do this already. Request that they review their records as documentation. Whatever the form of communication that was used during the incident or exchange of money for services, find a way to document it to provide evidence for your complaint.Dont forget to include copies of all relevant documents. This is particularly important if your complaint is the result of receiving fewer services or items than what was originally agreed upon when you ordered. Have copies of all relevant documents such as receipts, warranties, work orders, project proposals, service descriptions, or catalog descriptions. If you received an inferior product or service, have photographic proof of it and attach it to your letter. Even the most reasonable complaints can lose their argument if you leave out the proof. When someones job is at stake, they are likely to go into defensive mode and say or do anything they possibly can to keep their job. In such cases, it becomes your word against theirs if you fail to provide copies of the relevant documents involved.Dont leave out your name and contact information. For your complaint to be properly handled, the involved parties need to know how to reach you by phone, e-mail, or both. If you have an account number, be sure to give them that information, as well. In many situations, it is likely that someone will want to call you or meet with you to speak personally about the incident.Dont just stamp it and mail it- send it by certified mail. By sending your complaint letter via certified mail, you will have a way to track its receipt in case the situation escalates to a lawsuit or prosecution. Certified mail also requires a recipient signature, so you have written proof stating who received the complaint and when they received it.Dont have grammar mistakes or typos. Leaving grammar mistakes, punctuation errors, or typos in your complaint letter could potentially have an impact on how that letter is received and what is done about your complaint. Ideally, a complaint should be a complaint, whether demonstrating English skills or not. However, this is often not the case, so dont allow these fixable problems to potentially reduce the effectiveness and the voice of your complaint.While we all hope our consumer experiences, and experiences with government-provided services, go smoothly- life is not always smooth or easy. In cases where you believe you have been treated unfairly, have not been given the services you paid for, or have otherw ise been the victim of malpractice and/or abuse, a complaint letter is a powerful option to get something done about it.Sample complaint letterDear Sir/Madam,I am writing today to bring to your attention the poor dog-sitting service I received from your company on August 25, 2017. I have been a client of your service for almost two years, and up until now, have had no negative incidents occur. I trust from my experience that this particular incident is not the standard of how you conduct business, nor the standard of pet care I know your business seeks to provide its clients.On August 25, 2017, I returned home around 7:30 PM to find my dog roaming free in the front yard, with no caretaker in sight. As you can imagine, I was horrified, as I live near a busy highway, with traffic flowing in both directions and many dangers for a loose animal (and drivers!).When I managed to call my dog to me and to secure her, I entered my home to find Karen, the dog-sitter your company sent over, on her phone, chatting casually. To my knowledge, she was completely unaware of my dogs exit and my return. It wasnt until she took her earbuds out that she addressed the situation at all.I asked for an explanation and Karen said that she accidentally left the door slightly ajar after she went outdoors to retrieve her earbuds from her car. I find this to be irresponsible for a pet caretaker to do, as well as dangerous for all involved. What if someone else had come into the house while I was away?I am concerned about the level of nonchalance I felt from Karen, in that she didnt seem too upset at the fact that she left the door ajar in the first place. I got the feeling that she thought I was overreacting.I trust that youll take care of this situation and let her know that your clients expect a higher standard than this from Pet Sitters, Inc. Due to the great experiences Ive had from previous pet sitters youve sent, I will assume this is not your companys common practice, and request a different sitter to be sent to my house next time I order pet sitting services from you.Thanks for your time and attention to this matter. If you need to reach me for further clarification, or to ask additional questions related to this incident, please feel free to do so. My phone number is [insert phone number here].Best,Your Name

Destination Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Destination Evaluation - Essay Example Through considerable exports the region has helped in gaining access to a huge pool of foreign investments which are expended over development of sectors like tourism. The region through the opening up of large number of hotels and tourism related infrastructure has helped in attracting many tourists from other nations which helped in enhancing the country’s revenues (Library of Congress-Federal Research Division, 2007, p.3, 8, 13). In this connection the paper further divulges to reflect on a particular state of the Saudi Arabian region, Bahrain and evaluate the destination in terms of the different tourism opportunities available. This state located in the Saudi Arabian peninsula is also a prime member of the cooperation council of the Gulf region joined by countries like Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and other Saudi Arabian regions including the United Arab Emirates. ... Tourism Activities in Bahrain The region of Bahrain is gradually developing as one of the tourist hotspots in the Saudi Arabian region. Tourism is being increasingly developed in the region of Bahrain through rendering enhanced focus on drawing in large crowds to the state. It is observed that considerable amount of tourism activities would help in rendering large economic prosperity to the region. To develop Bahrain as a hunting ground for tourists the government of the region is keenly focusing on the development of hotels of three and five star qualities in large numbers. Further the region is also inviting grants from world bodies like the United Nations to help in the development of the heritage sites in the Bahrain region. The national airlines carrier of the region, Gulf Airlines is also found to render increased support for helping in the promotion of tourism in the region by helping attract large number of tourists at concessional rates. Further the government of Bahrain is increasingly focusing on the development of activities like trade expos and exhibitions which would help fetch large number of foreign delegates from developed regions of the world. Corporate tourism is being widely encouraged by helping in the enhancement of amenities pertaining to organization of meetings and conferences. The region is also found to host international sporting events like the Grand Prix which signifies the flow of large number of tourists in the country. The government of Bahrain to help encourage this wide flow of international tourists is continually working for the development of hotels and several tourism facilities inside the country with the active cooperation of the Gulf Cooperation

Organisation Management System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Organisation Management System - Essay Example Researchers have tried to increase understanding of why new mobile payment technologies are adopted by focusing on either the payee or the payer, which potentially yield a limited understanding of the payer-payee context. I have scrutinised over 50 academic journals in the area of social psychology, technology adoption and mobile payments to retrieve a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. To this I have identified the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the Technology Acceptance Model, The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, the Task-Technology Fit model and the Diffusion of Innovations as centrepieces in the academic literature. Founded on these the evolution of the concept has been on-going where several antecedents have been identified to either facilitate or impede the adoption of mobile payment technologies. Different attempts have been made to conceptualise these complexities, however none incorporate a comprehensive understanding of the antecedents of adoption of mobile payment technologies identified in the mobile payment literature with both a payer and payee centric approach which comprehends the payer-payee context. Acknowledging this, I have integrated a framework founded upon social psychology rationales, technology adoption theories and mobile payment literature to increase understanding of why new mobile payment technologies are adopted by payers and payees. Applying my framework to real-life cases I have found several interesting findings such as (1) payer and payee adoption is interrelated, (2) payee adoption is highly influenced by usefulness mediated through task-technology fit and especially the presence of expected functions, (3) payee adoption can be influenced by payer’s costs and the technologies’ consistency with payer’s lifestyle, (4) lack of ease of use is a barrier of adoption in contrast to ease of use as a driver of adoption. Most

What constitutes a crime Understanding the various Acts that Essay

What constitutes a crime Understanding the various Acts that Constitute a Crime with Examples - Essay Example There are certain acts that get categorized as criminal activity and one must acquire knowledge about what comes under the boundaries that are considered unlawful according to the law of the land. Knowledge about the acts that constitute a crime is necessary for not just criminologists but ordinary people too. An understanding about the source behind a criminal activity helps in eradicating any sort of upcoming harm generated through that act. It also refrain people from heading towards the wrong (and unlawful) path. This paper discusses the most significant acts that propel a criminal activity or a crime in detail along with helpful examples. Any illegal or unlawful act comes under the category of crime. Crime is the commission of an act or it may be named as the omission of an act, through which the law is violated and results in punishments by the authorities (Milhorn, 2005). Crime serves several functions; it is because of crimes that the societies set the boundaries related to m orality. There are three classified main types of crime that is conventional or ordinary, occupational and organizational. Conventional category includes the unlawful acts regarding violence such as assault, rape and murder, but mainly involves of property crimes for example theft, robbery and burglary. Usually people involved in such acts belong to the lower and blue collar classes. Whereas the occupational crimes comprise of acts which are entirely different like violation of laws named as white collar crime, performed by people of middle or upper social classes. The people may include business persons, government employee etc. Third category is the organizational crime, which is committed by organizations, industries, labor unions etc. (Yeager, 1980). In general, ordinary crimes can be further divided into two categories personal and property crimes. Personal crimes are violations against any other person which may include the crimes such as assault, battery, betrayal, false impr isonment, kidnapping, homicide crimes namely first and second degree, murders and involuntary manslaughters and vehicular homicides. The property crimes comprises of actions against properties such as larceny, arson, burglary, forgery, false pretenses and receipt of stolen goods etc. Above are some of the crimes which are equivalently affective both personally and property wise like robbery involves enforcement through physical force as well as theft of ownership. Organizational crimes are the white collar crimes that include embezzlement, bankruptcy fraud, mail and wire fraud, bribery, theft or trade secrets, etc. They are named as corporate crimes because the acts have impact on the state. Assault, is a crime by a person who has an anxiety of fulfilling a pending damaging or violent connection. An assault does not take place when merely words are used to threaten; rather it takes place when apprehension of harm, that is, use of certain action along with the threat is called an ass ault. For example, a man commits an assault when he sexually harasses a female either verbally or physically. Battery is said to be a type of common assault, which is the result of a volitional deed, which is an action executed to cause harm to another person. For example, if a person even throws a rock at someone with the cause of hurting him and the rock hits the person, then this will lead to battery. False imprisonment is a form of crime in which a person is confined against his will by

Recycling Aluminium into Alum Crystals

Recycling Aluminium into Alum Crystals This experiment was designed to recycle aluminium into alum crystals which have uses in industry. The aluminium was converted to alum by heating the metal samples with potassium hydroxide solution. The product was then reacted with sulphuric acid followed by crystallization. Overall, five trials were conducted with the only variable being the mass of aluminium used. The mass of crystals produced increased until the trial of 0.9g, when excess aluminium was observed. These different aluminium masses consisted of 0.3g, 0.5g, 0.7g and (2x) 0.9g. These particular research questions will be answered throughout this EEI: How the mass of the scrap aluminium related to the final mass of the alum crystal? How can stoichiometry of a sequence of chemical reactions be used to calculate the percentage yield of alum synthesized from aluminium scrap? How can scrap aluminium be chemically converted into a crystal? How does converting aluminium to alum make a worthy recycling process (make use in society, is it financially sustainable?). 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Background Information Alum is a salt that in chemistry is a combination of an alkali metal, such as sodium, potassium, or ammonium and a trivalent metal, such as aluminium, iron, or chromium. The most common form, potassium aluminium sulfate, or potash alum, is one form that has been used in food processing. Modern beverage containers are usually composed of aluminium, in the form of aluminium cans. Australians consumed over 3 billion aluminium cans in 2005. Additionally, approximately 300 million aluminium beverage cans are produced each day in the U.S. Recycling has the benefit of reducing litter from discarded cans and a number of states have passed laws requiring a deposit on aluminium cans to encourage recycling. In this experiment, instead of recycling scrap aluminium into new metal cans, a chemical process will be used that converts scrap aluminium into a useful chemical compound, potassium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate, KAl(S04)2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · 12H20, commonly called alum. Alum is widely used in the dyeing of fabrics, in the manufacture of pickles, in canning some foods, as a coagulant in water purification and waste-water treatment plants, as well as in the paper industry. In an aqueous solution of KAl(SO4)2 ,the K+, Al3+, and SO22- are surrounded by molecules of water (they are hydrated). These ions do not have an orderly arrangement in solution. When the compound is forced to crystallize, the ions must begin to join each other in their characteristic order. This process of nucleation may occur spontaneously when the ions of alum collide with appropriate orientation and with sufficiently low kinetic energy to permit them to stick to each other and prevent them from rebounding. Occasionally, some foreign solids (irregularity on the wall of the container, dust particles) will serve as nuclei (or starting points) for the formation of crystals. Once a tiny crystal has formed, ions in their random motion through the solution will hit the faces of the crystal, join the orderly array of ions, and make the crystal grow. There is ionic bonding, covalent bonding and intermolecular attractions, plus hydrogen bonding, which is the attraction between water molecul es. The only type of bonding not present in potash alum is metallic bonding.CAS_GIF_7784-24-9.gif Aluminium, like almost all metals exhibits metallic bonding. It can be oversimplified by saying that metallic bonding is like having positive metal ions in a sea of mobile electrons. The mobile electrons are the loosely held valence electrons that can easily move from atom to atom. In fact, metals behave more like atoms which share orbitals to form delocalized covalent bonds. Orbitals from adjacent metals atoms overlap side-to-side to form pi- bonds. For example, in this diagram, each iron atom, (and the same is true for aluminium) exhibits side to side overlap of the orbitals making pi bonds. Only one axis is shown in the diagram, but overlapping of the atoms in front of and behind this line also occurs. The beauty of this is that the electrons can move along the pi-bonds, from atom to atom, allowing the metal to conduct electricity. Potassium alum is hydrated potassium aluminium sulfate KAl(SO4)2*12H2O. Since all chemical bonds are essentially covalent in nature, then this compound contains covalent bonds as well. The potassium-sulfate bond is the most polar, and the most ionic-like of the bonds. The substance crystallizes in a face-centred cubic arrangement of hydrated K and Al atoms alternating with SO4 radicals. Despite being a vast oversimplification of a complex structure, there are ionic bonds between K and SO4 and Al and SO4, and there are covalent bonds within SO4. This allows an electrostatic attraction between the polar water molecules and the ions. Although aluminium is a reactive metal, it reacts only slowly with dilute acids because its surface is normally protected by a very thin, impenetrable coating of aluminium oxide; such metals are referred to as self-protecting or passivating metals. Alkaline solutions, or bases, (containing OH-) dissolve the oxide layer and then attack the metal: AL2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l) > 2NaAl(OH)4(aq) 2AL(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 6H2O(l) > 2NaAl(OH)4(aq) + 3H20(g) Thus, in aqueous alkaline medium, aluminium is oxidized to the tetrahydroxoaluminate anion which is stable only in basic solution. Aluminium is obtained from a raw material called bauxite predominantly in Latin and South America, Africa, and Australia. Recent technological improvements have seen the energy cost of producing one tonne of aluminium drop to 15,000 kW, but that is still a lot of energy on top of which must be added, the energy of transporting the metal obtained around the world. Therefore aluminium recycling is extremely important and very easy for everyone to do. Because of the energy used during extraction of aluminium from bauxite, aluminium is the only commonly used packaging material with a value that exceeds the financial costs of recycling it. To recycle an aluminium can, it costs only 5% of the energy used to create it in the first place. Additionally, aluminium can be recycled many times without any loss in quality. 2.2 Aim The aim is to investigate the effect of the amount of scrap aluminium on the amount of alum crystal produced when the amounts of potassium hydroxide and sulphuric acid used are kept constant. 2.3 Hypothesis It was hypothesized that if the weight of the scrap aluminium is increased or decreased then the amount of the alum crystal will adjust accordingly, when potassium hydroxide and sulphuric acid are kept the same. 3.0 Materials 3.1 Chemicals Potassium hydroxide, KOH, 1.0 M solution Sulphuric acid, H2SO4, 6 M solution 3.2 Apparatus Aluminium beverage can Sandpaper Scissors Ruler Beakers: 3x 50-100mL, 3x 250mL, 3x600mL Bunsen burner Buchner funnel Filter paper Stirring rod Spatula Graduated cylinder 4.0 Method 4.1 Variables 4.1.1 Independent Variables Independent Variables are those that are changed on purpose. The Independent Variables of this experiment are: The mass of the scrap aluminium 4.1.2 Dependent Variables The Dependent Variables are the factors that change according to the independent variables. The Dependent Variables of this experiment are: The amount of alum crystal produced The size of the alum crystals 4.1.3 Controlled Variables Controlled Variables are the variables that are kept constant during the entire experiment. The controlled variables of this experiment are: Amount of potassium hydroxide poured into the beaker Amount of sulphuric acid poured into the beaker Same size beakers for all five experiments 4.1.4 Uncontrolled Variables The uncontrolled Variables are those that cannot be kept regular and may affect the validity of the experiment. The uncontrolled variables of this experiment are: The impurity of the scrap aluminium 4.2 Procedure 4.2.1 Risk Factors Before the procedure can be commenced, certain safety precautions must be implemented prior to the beginning of the experiment. First of all Alum is non-toxic, although alum solutions can cause eye irritation (potassium hydroxide solutions are caustic). Therefore it is crucial to wear goggles or safety glasses when working with the solution. It is essential that the growing solutions are stored in a safe environment and not be disturbed. In the event of contact with skin or eyes (with any of the solutions especially sulphuric acid which is highly corrosive), the affected area must be washed immediately with lots of water. If necessary, medical assistance should be obtained. Sulphuric acid is corrosive. The aluminium metal may have sharp edges, so it must be handled with care. Before handling any beakers, they must be inspected for any chipped or sharp edges, which may cause injury. Bunsen burners can be very hazardous due to its roaring flame so it must be used with caution. The fla me must not be anywhere near the rubber hose because it can be easily melted. As long as all chemicals are kept distant from the human body, the Bunsen burner, and any other dangerously reactive materials, safety will be optimized. 4.2.2 Method A piece of aluminium was scraped with sandpaper to eliminate the strong, thin aluminium oxide layer. The mass of the clean piece of aluminium was carefully measured; 0.300g (+/- 0.001g). The aluminium piece was then cut into smaller pieces, allowing larger surface area for the following reaction.C:UsersGeorgioDesktopSchoolChemistryMaterials Assignment Yr 11Photos18052010030.jpg These smaller pieces of aluminium were then placed in a 250mL beaker, with an added 50mL of 1M KOH (potassium-hydroxide). A Bunsen-burner was then used to heat up the solution to boiling point, to completely dissolve the aluminium (a stirring rod is useful for enhancing the rate of reaction). Once the aluminium was completely dissolved, the solution was then filtered using filter paper, removing insoluble impurities. After being filtered, 20mL of 6M H2SO4 (sulphuric acid) was then added to the solution. Immediately white crystals began to form in the solution. The alum was removed from the liquid by filtration. The alum was then left for 24 hours to crystallize.C:UsersGeorgioDesktopSchoolChemistryMaterials Assignment Yr 11Photos18052010039.jpg The filtration paper was then placed under a heat lamp to rid any condensation or leftover moist on the paper. The weight of the final alum crystal was then able to be defined by subtracting the original weight of the filtration paper from the weight of the filtration paper with the alum. This resulted in a final given amount of produced alum crystal. REPEATED STEPS 1-13 (x4) with weights of scrap aluminium; 0.5g, 0.7g, 0.9g (2x) 5.0 Results 5.1 Tables Amount of alum produced: Beginning Amount of Aluminium Amount of Alum Crystal 0.3g 3.769g 0.5g 4.913g 0.7g 7.878g 0.9g 8.763g 0.9g 4.437g At temperature, 100 parts of water dissolve (g/100ml): Temperature Potash Alum 0oC 3.90 10oC 9.52 50oC 44.11 80oC 134.47 100oC 357.48 5.2 Graph Beginning weight of aluminium piece Amount of alum produced (g) Starting weight of aluminium Percentage Yield for alum experiments Solubility of potash alum in water: alum_solubility_chart.gif Amount of books containing alum:an17-4a.gif Consumption and Recycling of aluminium can beverages in the world: 5.3 Experiment Yield Theoretical Yield: 2Al(s) + 2KOH(aq) + 4H2SO4(aq) + 22H2O(l) > 2KAl(SO4)2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢12H2O(s) + 3H2(g) According to the chemical reaction, 2 moles of aluminium will react to form 2 moles of alum. Formulas: Theoretical yield = Mass of aluminium used = Mass of Alum obtained Molar mass of aluminium Molar mass of Alum Percent yield = Mass of alum obtained x 100 Theoretical yield of alum 0.3g Aluminium: 0.300 = X 3.769 x 100 = 71.6 27 474 5.26 = 5.266 The percentage yield is 71.6% 0.5g Aluminium: 0.500 = X 4.913 x 100 = 56% 27 474 8.77 = 8.77 The percentage yield is 56% 0.7g Aluminium: 0.700 = X 7.878 x 100 = 61.55 27 474 12.8 = 12.8 The percentage yield is 61.55% 0.9g Aluminium (trial 1): 0.900 = X 8.763 x 100 = 55.46 27 474 15.8 = 15.8 The percentage yield is 55.46% 0.9g Aluminium (trial 2): 0.900 = X 4.437 x 100 = 28.08 27 474 15.8 = 15.8 The percentage yield is 28.08% 6.0 Discussion From the results obtained, it can now be determined how the mass of aluminium affects the alum crystal mass and size. After making all recordings, different qualitative and quantitative results were questioned. As seen from the results obtained in 5.0 Results, there were two trials for the experiment with the mass of 0.9 grams of aluminium. This was decided because it was apparent that at around 0.9g of aluminium, it would begin to cause the solution to be saturated. Therefore the procedure for these two experiments differentiates in the following way; as with the other experiments, one was filtered after adding the sulphuric acid (creating the alum), and the other was left to crystallize with no further process. These both resulted in a successful and an unsuccessful result, which provided qualitative results. The one that was filtered had completely crystallized within 24 hours. The one that was left in a solution with aluminium was left to crystallize. The alum did not precipitate from this solution. This result was an anomaly for the experiment for it gave dissimilar results which were discarded. The same procedure was successful until 0.9g due to the fact that the aluminium was acting as the limiting reagent. At 0.9g the potassium hydroxide became the limiting reagent allowing the aluminium to serve as the excess reactant.C:UsersGeorgioDesktopSchoolChemistryMaterials Assignment Yr 11Photos19052010040.jpg These were all the chemical equations step by step during the procedure: When sulphuric acid is slowly added to an alkaline solution of this complex anion, initially, one hydroxide ion is removed from each tetrahydroxoaluminate anion causing the precipitation of white, gelatinous aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3 2K[Al(OH)4](aq) + H2SO4(aq) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2Al(OH)3(s) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) The excess potassium hydroxide is neutralized by some of the sulphuric acid to form potassium sulfate. 2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) On addition of more sulphuric acid, the aluminium hydroxide dissolves forming the hydrated aluminium cation 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6H2O(l) Addition of alkali to the Al(OH)3 precipitate will also bring about dissolution by reforming [Al(OH)4]. A hydroxide, such as aluminium hydroxide, that can be dissolved by either acid or base is said to be amphoteric. When the acidified aluminium sulfate solution is cooled, potassium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate (Alum) precipitates. Al2(SO4)3(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 24H2O(l) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2K[Al(SO4)2]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢12H2O(s) The overall reaction that takes place is the sum of the previous reactions. 2Al(s) + 2KOH(aq) + 4H2SO4(aq) + 22H2O(l) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2KAl(SO4)2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢12H2O(s) + 3H2(g) All of the filter papers that were to be used were weighed, and an average filter paper mass was recorded for later purposes. For each of the alum solutions that were produced, once filtered (excluding the one that wasnt filtered), were then given 24 hours to crystallize before data and measurements were recorded. It was apparent that in the beaker that contained the solution of the filtered alum, there were small crystal seeds that had formed. This was due to the saturated solution which still contained alum, therefore in the 24 hours it was able to grow into bigger alum seeds. The remaining liquid in all the beakers was decanted leaving only the crystals; they were placed under heat lamps for 10 minutes to evaporate any adhering water. Some final results from the measurements were now conductible. Knowing the beaker mass, the beaker mass with alum, the filter paper mass and the filtration paper mass with alum, the amount of alum produced was established. These final crystal masses were: 0.3g = 3.769g (+/- 0.004g) 0.5g = 4.913g (+/- 0.004g) 0.7g = 7.878g (+/- 0.004g) 0.9g = 8.763g (+/- 0.004g) (with filtration paper) 0.9g = 4.437g (+/- 0.002g) (without filtration paper) It is quite obvious to state that a trend in this experiment was recognized after noticing that (as stated in the hypothesis) when more aluminium is used, more alum crystal is produced, so long as the aluminium remains the limiting reagent. As the aluminium mass increases, the alum product remains at a fairly relative mass for all four scenarios. In reference to the results obtained from 5.3 Experiment Yields, it was found that the percentage yield for all experiments (excluding the non-filtered one) were relatively impressive, but predictable. In practice, getting 100% yield is incredibly difficult if not essentially impossible. Often reactants or products can be lost to the environment, not all of the reactants could react or other factors could impede the reaction. Although in this experiment, a different factor was the cause of the loss of yield percentage. The manufacturers of aluminium cans use an aluminium alloy when making the cans, therefore causing the aluminium to have impurities. This was also noticeable when the reaction of the aluminium with the potassium hydroxide took place; the black residue which was produced was the sign of impurity. A procedure which could have helped prevent this error would have been to soak the aluminium in NaOH (sodium hydroxide) which would get rid of the oxide layer that the aluminiu m contains and any other impurities. Another possible solution to increasing the percentage yield would be to immediately put the beaker in water and ice, straight after adding the sulphuric acid to the solution; allowing it to chill thoroughly for about 15 minutes. Considering this solubility data, some product will not precipitate from the solution. Considering this table and graph (shown in Results), an improved result would be obtained by precipitation in ice water. This would cool the solution down much faster allowing the crystals to grow at a much greater reaction rate. Whereas when it isnt iced, but filtered immediately, much of the alum saturated solution will fall through into the beaker losing some content. Furthermore, when the alum crystal was being handled (transport to filter paper from beaker, etc.) alum would have been eluded. The consequence of this would result in less alum. 7.0 Conclusion This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of the amount of scrap aluminium on the alum crystal, when potassium hydroxide and sulphuric acid were kept constant. Regarding the outcome of each trial, the results were supported by the theory stated in the hypothesis: It was hypothesized that if the weight of the scrap aluminium is increased or decreased then the amount of the alum crystal will adjust accordingly, when potassium hydroxide and sulphuric acid are kept the same. It was found that the aluminiums mass had a definite effect on the amount of alum produced. It can be concluded that when the potassium hydroxide is kept constant as well as the sulphuric acid, the outcome will be relatively similar and will adjust accordingly to the weight of the scrap aluminium. The crucial errors which were encountered in this experiment, which had a vast impact on the percentage yield, was the impurity of the scrap aluminium, the imprecision of handling the alum, and the improper cleaning procedure which was undertaken with each of the scrap aluminium pieces. The results obtained prove the hypothesis correct which stated that if the weight of the scrap aluminium is increased or decreased then the amount of the alum crystal will adjust accordingly. 8.0 Bibliography Alum Crystals. (n.d.). Retrieved May 21, 2010, from Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/alum-crystals.html Alum Synthesis. (2005, June). Retrieved April 29, 2010, from Chemistry 111 Laboratory: http://employees.oneonta.edu/kotzjc/LAB/Alum_Expt.pdf Aluminium Potassium Sulphate. (n.d.). Retrieved May 05, 2010, from Chemical Land: http://chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/inorganic/aluminum%20potassium%20sulfate.htm Aluminium Sulphate. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2010, from Bisley: http://www.bisley.com.au/industryzones/zonesub.asp?industry=5id=94 Bentor, Y. (2010, May 31). Periodic Table: Aluminium. Retrieved 14 May, 2010, from Chemical Elements: http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/al.html Chemical of the Week. (n.d.). Retrieved May 26, 2010, from Science is Fun: http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/CHEMWEEK/Aluminum/ALUMINUM.html Growing Crystals of ALum. (n.d.). Retrieved May 16, 2010, from Princeton University: http://www.princeton.edu/~pccm/outreach/scsp/mixturesandsolutions/activities/growingcrystals.htm Helmenstine, A. M. (n.d.). Aluminium or Aluminium Facts. Retrieved May 08, 2010, from About: http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/aluminum.htm Katz, D. A. (2000). Alum from Waste Aluminium Cans. Retrieved April 22, 2010, from chymist.com: http://www.chymist.com/alum.pdf Katz, D. A. (2000). Growing Alum Crystals. Retrieved May 12, 2010, from Chymist: http://www.chymist.com/alum%20crystals.pdf Potash Alum. (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2010, from Encyclopedia The Free Dictionary: http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/potash+alum Potassium Alum. (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2010, from Pauls Lab: http://www.paulslab.com/crystals/potassium-alum.html POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM SULFATE. (n.d.). Retrieved May 25, 2010, from The Royal Australian Chemical Institute Incorporated: http://www.raci.org.au/sa/ChemEd/XAL/AlumMSDS.pdf Preparation of Alum. (n.d.). Retrieved May 11, 2010, from http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/archive/alum.htm Winter, M. (n.d.). Aluminium. Retrieved May 18, 2010, from Web Elements: http://www.webelements.com/aluminium/

A Child Called It By Dave Pelzer :: essays research papers

A Child Called â€Å"It† 1. In the book, the father tries to help the son in the beginning but then throughout the book he stops trying to help and listens to the mother. If I had been in this same situation, I would have helped get the child away from his mother because nobody should have to live like that. The father was tired of having to watch his son get abused so eventually he just left and didn’t do anything. David thought that his father would help him but he did not. 2. When David, was stabbed he went to his father for help. His father just told him to go back and to do the dishwasher. Father said that he would not tell David’s mother that he told but he should get back to work. 3. The abuse that I thought was the most difficult was the gas chamber. He had to sit in the bathroom with the ammonia and it was really hard for him to breathe. The only reason he survived was because there was a vent in the bathroom. I think that I could have also survived this because I am good at getting myself out of bad situations. I can think quickly. 4. I think I probably would have given up when the mother stabbed me. I think it would have been too painful for me to care anymore. I would have suffered too much. 5. I think that the difference between 30 years ago and now is that it could be stopped now. David could have been taken from his mother to live somewhere else because she was not a fit parent. He could have lived with his father. 6. I think that his mother just randomly decided to abuse David. Since she was an alcoholic she did not always realize what she was doing to him. She also probably didn’t want to do all the things around the house and thought it was too much to do so she had David do all the chores. She punished him by doing dreadful things. 7. When the mother wanted David to lye on the stove and burn, David decided to see if he could trick her. He watched the clock and decided to see how long he could keep her from making him get on the stove until his brothers got home. He succeeded and from then on he decided that he would not give up and he would always try to outsmart his mother.

Philippine Traditions: The Greatest Heritage

The Philippines has vast practices, traditions, and cultures. They existed a hundred years ago or may be thousands but they are still practiced up to now. It is like a legacy which is passed on from generation to generation. Usually, it is the old folks who relate these traditions over and over again. On my Grandma’s burial, her valued possessions are also buried in her grave. I asked my Mama why they have to do that and she simply answered, â€Å"So that she can bring it with her as she leaves us†. Well, we all know that a dead person cannot do that. The truth is, those things will only decay in there but to the Filipinos, it has a great significance and we can never question that. Another Filipino heritage which is highly valued in wedding custom is the â€Å"Pamamanhikan†. It is where the would-be groom with his parents goes to the house of the would-be bride to seek the blessing of her parents. It is also in this point when both parties formally set plans for the upcoming wedding. This symbolizes honor and respect to the parents of the couples. There are also certain Filipino habits that foreigners find them overwhelming. For example, when a visitor comes in, the family serves every delicacy and every mouth-watering Filipino cuisine that they can so as to please the visitor. He’ll be attended to the most comfortable room available and all his needs are served with delight and a warm smile. No wonder, Filipinos are known for their hospitality.

Tax Cuts essays

Tax Cuts essays Dominic Shafer James Bang A09 The article I chose to comment on, The Double Benefit of Tax Cuts is from The Wall Street Journal. It was published on Tuesday October 7, 2003 and was written by Gary Becker, Edward Lazear, and Kevin Murphy. My article covers the current issue of presidential candidates and their plans to make tax cuts. In a debate on economics in September 2003, every Democratic candidate talked about rolling back President Bushs tax cuts. The candidates tried to show that in a time of economic recovery it would be the perfect time to introduce tax reductions, which would help stimulate economic activity over the next year or more. The idea of whether or not a tax cut would help out over a long period of time was not an important issue in this discussion. There were two main ideas behind cutting takes that the candidates talked about. The first reason they talked about is that a tax cut would make sense is because government spending responds to tax revenues, so that lower revenues imply lower government spending. Just as in a business, the spending by the government is limited by its revenue. It was also pointed out that the government budget equation plays a factor on the revenue. Normally, government spending has to do with societys needs and takes taxes to balance the government budget equation, but there is some evidence that shows spending often adjusts to the tax revenue. In the past, tax cuts have shown the dependence of spending on tax revenue. In the 1980s President Reagan proposed a tax cut that helped promote long-term growth. President Bush hoped his tax cuts would stimulate the economy and help future growth. In the late 1980s and early 90s there was a decline in federal spending, which was linked to the need to adjust spending to growin...

5 Ways to Handle a Racist Family Member

5 Ways to Handle a Racist Family Member It’s no secret that family gatherings can cause stress and lead to conflict, especially if some family members have racial views that youre staunchly against. What’s the best way to proceed when a loved one seems not only small-minded but outright racist? Don’t suffer in silence through one family gathering after another. You can take several steps to stop the Archie Bunker of the family in his tracks. These strategies include setting boundaries and calling attention to the racist behavior. Be Direct Confrontations are never easy. That said, if you don’t want to listen to your parents or siblings rattle off racial stereotypes every Thanksgiving, the direct approach is necessary. How will your family members understand that you find their behavior offensive unless you tell them? The moment your sister makes a racial joke or uses a racial stereotype, tell her that you’d appreciate it if she didn’t make such jokes or racial generalizations in front of you. If you believe that calling out your relative in front of others will make her more defensive, ask to speak to her privately and then make your feelings known. If your family member uses a racial slur in front of you, request that she doesn’t use such epithets in your presence. Do so in a calm, firm voice. Make your request short and then move on. Don’t attack your family member’s character. Just let her know that her comments make you uncomfortable. Get Help What if this family member intimidates you if he’s an elder or an in-law and you aren’t comfortable calling attention to the behavior you find inappropriate? Find a relative you feel more comfortable with and request that he accompany you as you confront the family member you believe is offensive. Tell the insensitive family member that you love and appreciate him but find his views on race hurtful. Alternatively, if your grandfather has made remarks you consider racially insensitive, you might want to ask your parent to speak with him about his behavior. If your father-in-law is the party in question, ask your spouse to confront him about his language and attitudes concerning race. If no one else in your family will serve as an ally, consider taking a less direct approach to confronting your relative. Write a brief letter or email informing him that you find his comments hurtful and asking him to refrain from such remarks in the future. Don’t Argue Whatever you do, don’t get into a debate with your relative. Agree to disagree with this family member about race rather than listening to her argument about why her racial stereotypes are valid and you’re too politically correct. Stick to the following script: â€Å"I find your comments hurtful. Please don’t make these remarks in front of me again.† Arguing with the relative will likely be a waste of time. The family member will be on the defensive and you will be on the offensive. Meanwhile, you will have convinced her of little or nothing about racial sensitivity. Focus on your feelings about the relative’s comments rather than on the validity of her beliefs. Set Consequences Depending on your situation, you might have to set guidelines with your relative. Say, for example, that you have children. Do you want your children to hear the comments by your family member? If not, let your relatives know that if they make bigoted remarks in your children’s presence you will leave the family gathering at once. If your relatives routinely make such comments, let them know that you will skip family gatherings with them altogether. This is an especially important move if you’re in an interracial relationship or have multiracial children who will feel targeted by your family members’ comments. Try Outside Influences You probably wont open your relatives’ eyes about race by arguing with them about the issue, but you can take steps to influence them that they might go along with. Organize a family trip to a museum with a social justice focus. Have a movie night at your house and screen films addressing issues of racial inequity or showing minority groups in a positive light. Start a family book club and select anti-racist literature.

Critical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical - Essay Example It is also an academy award winner. The movie stars are Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. Being simply another Warner Bros release and directed by one of the great directors of its time, Michael Curtis it owns a label of â€Å"Great Movie†. The movie starts in a light cheerful way. We see Rick Blaine, a hero of a movie, in a club followed by dances and comedy dialogues. Rick runs a nightclub in Casablanca and is a hard American when Morocco is attacked by France. Ilsa, heroine of a movie, is living with her husband. When the Nazis attacks the Morocco many refugees fled through Casablanca to save their lives. Rick, being rigid and stubborn stays there. Meanwhile escaping the Nazis attack Ilsa stumble upon rick’s club. She is the lost love of Rick and forgets her past in order to live her life and to support her husband. But when they two see each other again the lost sparks of their lost love once again lit up and the memories of their time which they spent together in Paris comes up. From here the plot increases with the mixture of romance, comedy and emotions that have rarely been brought together on screen. Rick wants to escape with Ilsa but now she’s with Laszlo, her husband. Near the end of a movie, the close-ups of Ilsa face reflects confusing emotions like she can’t really decide whom to choose, her lost love or current husband. One can see this movie couple of times and still can’t get over familiar with it. The more I see the more I like it just as a soothing symphony. The black and white cinematography clearly does not affects the powerful dialogues and strong emotions of the characters. According to me, the thing which I find the most attractive in this movie is that none of the major character is bad. Means they all are facing their hazards of lives. Some characters are emotional, some are cynical, some lie for their own sake and some kill for their country but in the end they all can be redeemed. So, in short Casablanca is a

Population, Resources, Environment, and Health [in the Developing Essay

Population, Resources, Environment, and Health [in the Developing World] - Essay Example Lindsay (2001, March) states that if the â€Å"current growth rate of 77 million new people a year† continues, it will lead to the nine billion in 2050 resulting in increased food, clothing, shelter and healthcare requirements in developing countries which are already deficient in these essentials (see Figure 1). A strong and effective strategy is required to slow down the population growth in developing countries. And this has to be done without affecting their economic, social and political strength. The main reason of higher fertility rate has to be considered first. The nations need to be educated about family planning methods and contraceptive techniques without making a taboo of this issue. But in order to start family planning programs and modernize the nation, the country will have to take loans from the developed world, so the developing countries also need to be supported economically so that they implement such programs that educate the nation to keep birth rate low. Energy. Developing countries do not have access to renewable energy which is directly related to the living standards. Australian Agency for International Development (2000) affirms that â€Å"in rural areas, particularly in remote locations, transmission and distribution of energy generated from fossil fuels can be difficult and expensive†. Thus, renewable energy is a good solution for these areas so as to meet the increasing demands effectively. Wind power. As fossil fuel supplies are small in developing countries, wind power requirement is increasing as the population grows. Wind power if used as a renewable resource will bring energy to even the remotest areas and it can also be converted to electrical and mechanical forms of energy. For developing countries, this is also economical. Water. Though water can be renewed to meet the demands, still the renewability can be done only to a certain limit. Thus, the increasing water requirements can be fulfilled only to a